China’s Tightening Control Over Religious Freedom

BEIJING — New restrictions on Bibles, religious literature, pilgrimages and online prayer services are renewing concerns about religious freedom in China. The restrictions also include limits on Catholic funeral liturgies in Shanghai and continued action against independent Protestant house churches. Although China’s constitution recognizes religious freedom, critics say religious activities remain under close government supervision. Authorities regulate places of worship, religious publications, clergy appointments and other religious activities through state-approved religious organizations. The latest restrictions on Bible distribution have drawn particular concern from Christian communities, who regard the Bible as central to their faith. Independent churches have also faced increasing pressure. Leaders and pastors connected with churches such as Zion Church and Early Rain Covenant Church have been detained, while lawyers who provided legal support to Christians have also faced government action. The pressure extends beyond Christianity. Uyghur Muslims and Tibetan Buddhists have faced restrictions linked to their religious, cultural and ethnic identities. Christian activists and rights advocates say continued government control over religious texts, worship and church leadership raises serious questions about China’s commitment to the religious freedom guaranteed under Article 36 of its constitution.